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Denier - Anonymous Siege coinage
| Issuer | Kingdom of Jerusalem |
|---|---|
| Year | 1100-1200 |
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| Currency | Denier (1099-1291) |
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| Obverse description | Plain cross pattée centered within a circular border, with the legend + CRVCIS arranged around the periphery in crude Latin letters. The design is characteristic of anonymous crusader billon coinage, struck with irregular flan preparation typical of emergency siege issues. The field is unadorned, and the cross arms extend nearly to the inner beaded or linear border. Letter forms are rough and inconsistent, reflecting hasty production under wartime conditions. |
|---|---|
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| Edge | Plain |
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| Additional information |
The anonymous deniers of the Kingdom of Jerusalem were struck without royal attribution by deliberate policy — the Crusader states relied heavily on trade with Muslim merchants and Byzantine intermediaries, and coins naming a Christian king were commercially unwelcome in much of the eastern Mediterranean. Anonymity was economic pragmatism, not administrative oversight.
Metcalf's classification of this type within his broader Crusader coinage corpus placed it firmly in the 12th century, though the precise mint — whether Jerusalem itself, Acre, or another Latin stronghold — remains unresolved in the literature.