Æ16 ΕΦΕ

Ephesus operated as a Greek polis, a Lydian subject city, a Persian satrapal center, and eventually a Hellenistic dynastic holding before Rome absorbed it — this bronze circulated through some or all of that institutional turbulence. The city's mint was among the most prolific in western Asia Minor, sustained by Ephesus's position as a commercial hub at the mouth of the Cayster River.

The five-century date range assigned to this type reflects genuine scholarly uncertainty about Ephesian bronze chronology, not careless attribution.