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Æ16 ΕΦΕ
| Issuer | Ephesus (Ionia) |
|---|---|
| Year | 509 BC - 27 BC |
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| Composition | Bronze |
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| Obverse description | Jugate bare male heads of the three Triumvirs — Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus — facing right, rendered in low relief in the Greek provincial style. The portraits are arranged in overlapping profile, with the foremost figure displaying a pronounced jaw and neck. The style is characteristic of late Hellenistic civic bronze coinage of Ionia. The field is plain. |
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| Mint | Ephesus |
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| Additional information |
Ephesus operated as a Greek polis, a Lydian subject city, a Persian satrapal center, and eventually a Hellenistic dynastic holding before Rome absorbed it — this bronze circulated through some or all of that institutional turbulence. The city's mint was among the most prolific in western Asia Minor, sustained by Ephesus's position as a commercial hub at the mouth of the Cayster River.
The five-century date range assigned to this type reflects genuine scholarly uncertainty about Ephesian bronze chronology, not careless attribution.