U Fanam - 'Sangama' Chalukyas or Feudatories

发行方	Chalukya dynasty (Indian Hindu Dynasties)
年份	900-1200
类型	登录以查看详情
面值	登录以查看详情
货币	登录以查看详情
材质	Gold
重量	登录以查看详情
直径	登录以查看详情
厚度	登录以查看详情
形状	登录以查看详情
制作工艺	登录以查看详情
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雕刻师	登录以查看详情
流通至	登录以查看详情
参考资料	登录以查看详情

正面描述	登录以查看详情
正面文字	Kannada
正面铭文	登录以查看详情
背面描述	Plain, unworked gold surface on the reverse, showing no devices, legends, or additional punch marks. The hammered gold exhibits an uneven texture consistent with the primitive production methods characteristic of medieval South Indian fanam coinage.
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背面铭文	登录以查看详情
边缘	登录以查看详情
铸币厂	登录以查看详情
铸造量	登录以查看详情
附加信息	The fanam was the workhorse denomination of medieval South Indian commerce, struck by an almost bewildering range of dynasties, feudatories, and local chiefs — which is precisely the identification problem this piece presents. The "Sangama" attribution is a later scholarly convenience; contemporaries would have recognized these by the issuing authority's symbol, not its dynastic name. Distinguishing genuine Chalukya issues from those of their numerous subordinate chiefs relies almost entirely on subtle die characteristics that remain incompletely catalogued.

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