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U Fanam - Chalukyas of Kalyana or Feudatories
| Issuer | Chalukyas of Kalyana (Indian Hindu Dynasties) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1000-1200 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | Log in to see details |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
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| Technique | Log in to see details |
| Orientation | Medal alignment ↑↑ |
| Engraver(s) | Log in to see details |
| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | The obverse bears three punch marks applied to the characteristic U-shaped gold flan: a figure of Garuda in motion, accompanied by two Kannada script characters, 'Ka' and 'Kara', the latter likely forming part of a dynastic or devotional epithet. The punch marks are distributed across the broad, irregular surface of the flan, their impressions shallow and consistent with hammered fanam production. The field shows the natural texture of the gold planchet with no formal border or legend. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | ಶ್ರೀ |
| Reverse description | Log in to see details |
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| Reverse lettering | Log in to see details |
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| Additional information |
The Chalukyas of Kalyani controlled much of the Deccan from their capital at Kalyani (modern Basavakalyan) through the 10th to 12th centuries, and their gold fanam issues — among the smallest denomination gold coins produced in medieval India — circulated alongside those of competing powers including the Paramaras and later the Kalachuris who briefly displaced the dynasty around 1130. The attribution of individual fanams to the dynasty proper versus its feudatories remains genuinely contested, as dependent chiefs struck near-identical types with only minute die differences that resist confident sorting even now.