Grosso 'Aquilino' - Engelmar of Villanders

Historical Context: The Grosso 'Aquilino' of Engelmar of Villanders, struck in Padova (1325-1328), marks a brief but significant chapter. Engelmar, imperial vicar for Louis IV, asserted Holy Roman Imperial authority over the independent city-state. This era was defined by intense power struggles among signorie, the papacy, and the Empire. Engelmar's coinage, particularly the 'Aquilino,' served as a potent symbol of his delegated sovereignty, reflecting the turbulent political landscape of 14th-century Italy.

Artistry: The 'Aquilino' design, as its name implies, prominently features the imperial eagle, likely on the obverse, powerfully conveying Engelmar's delegated authority. Stylistically, the coin aligns with early 14th-century Italian numismatic art, showcasing a transition towards a refined Gothic aesthetic from earlier Romanesque forms. The lettering, typically Lombardic, would frame the central motif, often complemented by a cross or civic emblem on the reverse, consistent with the established grosso format.

Technical/Grading: At 1.45 grams and 20 millimeters, this silver grosso adheres to standard specifications. Technical qualities for medieval issues include irregular flan shapes and variable strike clarity. High-points susceptible to wear are usually the eagle's head and wing tips, or any central effigy. Well-struck examples exhibit sharp feather details and clear legends. Minor double striking or slight off-centering are common, indicative of the manual minting techniques prevalent during this historical period.