Dirham 'Ornamental type' - anepigraphic Bulghar mint

The anepigraphic "ornamental type" dirhams of the Bulghar mint occupy an awkward corner of Golden Horde numismatics — no ruler name, no date, no religious formula. Whether this reflects a deliberate administrative decision, a local minting convention, or simply the chaotic monetization of a peripheral trade hub remains genuinely contested. Bulghar on the Volga was a major fur and slave market, and small anonymous silver may have circulated more on weight than on issuing authority.

The thirty-year attribution window reflects the difficulty of sequencing these without textual anchors. Sagdeeva's grouping relies primarily on stylistic and metrological clustering rather than hoard stratigraphy.