Danh mục
| Đơn vị phát hành | Holy Roman Empire |
|---|---|
| Năm | 1002-1024 |
| Loại | Standard circulation coin |
| Mệnh giá | 1 Denier (Pfennig) |
| Tiền tệ | Denier (843-1385) |
| Chất liệu | Silver |
| Trọng lượng | 1.05 g |
| Đường kính | 20 mm |
| Độ dày | |
| Hình dạng | Round (irregular) |
| Kỹ thuật | Hammered |
| Hướng | Variable alignment ↺ |
| Nghệ nhân khắc | |
| Lưu hành đến | |
| Tài liệu tham khảo | KR#4, Dann Sa#951-952, Kluge Kar#84 |
| Mô tả mặt trước | Crowned bust facing right, legend surrounding. |
|---|---|
| Chữ viết mặt trước | Latin |
| Chữ khắc mặt trước |
+HEINRICVS (Translation: Henry.) |
| Mô tả mặt sau | Hand comming down from arch in sky laing on a cross. Legend surrounding. |
| Chữ viết mặt sau | Latin |
| Chữ khắc mặt sau |
S VITALIS (Translation: Saint Vitalis.) |
| Cạnh | |
| Xưởng đúc | |
| Số lượng đúc |
ND (1002-1024) - - |
| ID Numisquare | 1133339380 |
| Thông tin bổ sung |
Historical Context: This Denier, minted in Esslingen (1002-1024), belongs to Henry II, the last Ottonian Holy Roman Emperor. Reigning as King of Germany (1002) and Emperor (1014), Henry II (Saint Henry) strengthened imperial authority through ecclesiastical ties and consolidated his realm. Esslingen, an important imperial mint, underscores the Emperor's direct control over economic and administrative functions, reflecting coinage's role in asserting imperial power.
Artistry: The coin's artistry exemplifies the Ottonian numismatic style of the early 11th century. Engravers remain anonymous; designs are robust, stylized, and often abstract, prioritizing symbolic clarity over naturalism. Typical obverse designs feature a simplified imperial bust or cross. The reverse often depicts a cross, a building, or the mint name, "ESLINGA". Iconography consistently emphasizes imperial and Christian authority, consistent with early medieval artistic conventions.
Technical/Grading: Weighing 1.05 grams and measuring 20 millimeters, this silver denier exhibits features typical of early medieval coinage. High-points for wear, depending on design, include the emperor's crown or facial features on a bust, or cross terminals. Technical strike qualities are variable; flans are frequently irregular, and strikes can be off-center or uneven, leading to partial legends or design elements. Weakness in strike is common, particularly on edges, requiring careful assessment of remaining detail.