Denier - Henry II Esslingen mint

発行体 Holy Roman Empire
年号 1002-1024
種類 Standard circulation coin
額面 1 Denier (Pfennig)
通貨 Denier (843-1385)
材質 Silver
重量 1.05 g
直径 20 mm
厚さ
形状 Round (irregular)
製造技法 Hammered
向き Variable alignment ↺
彫刻師
流通終了年
参考文献 KR#4, Dann Sa#951-952, Kluge Kar#84
表面の説明 Crowned bust facing right, legend surrounding.
表面の文字体系 Latin
表面の銘文 +HEINRICVS
(Translation: Henry.)
裏面の説明 Hand comming down from arch in sky laing on a cross. Legend surrounding.
裏面の文字体系 Latin
裏面の銘文 S VITALIS
(Translation: Saint Vitalis.)
鋳造所
鋳造数 ND (1002-1024) - -
Numisquare ID 1133339380
追加情報

Historical Context: This Denier, minted in Esslingen (1002-1024), belongs to Henry II, the last Ottonian Holy Roman Emperor. Reigning as King of Germany (1002) and Emperor (1014), Henry II (Saint Henry) strengthened imperial authority through ecclesiastical ties and consolidated his realm. Esslingen, an important imperial mint, underscores the Emperor's direct control over economic and administrative functions, reflecting coinage's role in asserting imperial power.

Artistry: The coin's artistry exemplifies the Ottonian numismatic style of the early 11th century. Engravers remain anonymous; designs are robust, stylized, and often abstract, prioritizing symbolic clarity over naturalism. Typical obverse designs feature a simplified imperial bust or cross. The reverse often depicts a cross, a building, or the mint name, "ESLINGA". Iconography consistently emphasizes imperial and Christian authority, consistent with early medieval artistic conventions.

Technical/Grading: Weighing 1.05 grams and measuring 20 millimeters, this silver denier exhibits features typical of early medieval coinage. High-points for wear, depending on design, include the emperor's crown or facial features on a bust, or cross terminals. Technical strike qualities are variable; flans are frequently irregular, and strikes can be off-center or uneven, leading to partial legends or design elements. Weakness in strike is common, particularly on edges, requiring careful assessment of remaining detail.

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