1 Uncia Club series

Volaterrae — modern Volterra — was among the most powerful Etruscan cities to maintain independent bronze coinage into the third century BC, continuing to strike long after Rome had absorbed most of its neighbors politically if not yet militarily. This uncia belongs to the "Club series," a loose grouping defined by a shared control mark used across multiple Etruscan mints, the precise administrative logic of which remains debated. Whether the club denoted a magistrate, a mint workshop, or a broader inter-city monetary arrangement is unresolved in the scholarship.

Haeberlin's foundational work on Aes Grave remains the primary reference for weight standards here.