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1 Uncia Club series
| Issuer | Volaterrae |
|---|---|
| Year | 230 BC - 220 BC |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
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| Shape | Round (irregular) |
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| Obverse description | Janiform double-faced head of Culsan, the Etruscan deity of transitions, depicted wearing a petasos, rendered in archaic Etruscan style with both faces presented frontally in opposition. The broad, stylized facial features are characteristic of the Volaterran bronze coinage of the late 3rd century BC, with the two visages joined at the crown beneath the broad-brimmed hat. The figure occupies the central field with minimal surrounding space. |
|---|---|
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| Mintage | ND (230 BC - 220 BC) |
| Additional information |
Volaterrae — modern Volterra — was among the most powerful Etruscan cities to maintain independent bronze coinage into the third century BC, continuing to strike long after Rome had absorbed most of its neighbors politically if not yet militarily. This uncia belongs to the "Club series," a loose grouping defined by a shared control mark used across multiple Etruscan mints, the precise administrative logic of which remains debated. Whether the club denoted a magistrate, a mint workshop, or a broader inter-city monetary arrangement is unresolved in the scholarship.
Haeberlin's foundational work on Aes Grave remains the primary reference for weight standards here.