Unit

Ikalkusken remains one of the least-understood mints of the Celtiberian interior — its precise location is still debated, with candidates proposed across the upper Ebro region. These bronzes circulated during the period of intensifying Roman military presence following the Second Punic War, when indigenous Iberian and Celtiberian communities were minting their own coinage partly in response to the economic demands of supplying and provisioning troops — both Roman and local. The ACIP references reflect ongoing scholarly reassignment as epigraphy and find-site data slowly narrow the attribution.