Stater - Mazaeus

Historical Context: This silver stater was issued by Mazaeus, a prominent Achaemenid satrap who governed Cilicia from approximately 361 BC to 334 BC. His coinage reflects the semi-autonomous authority granted to powerful satraps within the Persian Empire during the late Achaemenid period. Cilicia, a strategically vital satrapy, experienced significant Greek cultural and economic influence, which is often evident in its numismatic output. Mazaeus's issues predate Alexander the Great's conquest of the region, showcasing the vibrant satrapal coinage system that flourished before the Hellenistic era.

Artistry: While specific engravers for Mazaeus's staters are not typically signed or individually identified, the artistic style belongs firmly to the late Classical Greek tradition, characteristic of skilled die-cutters working in Cilicia, particularly Tarsus. The iconography, often depicting the local deity Baal of Tarsus on the obverse and a lion attacking a bull on the reverse, blends Persian imperial motifs with Hellenic aesthetic principles. The execution is typically refined, demonstrating a high degree of sculptural skill and dynamic composition.

Technical/Grading: For optimal grading of this stater type, critical points include the obverse's Baal of Tarsus: sharp rendition of facial features, intricate drapery folds, and clear details of the scepter or eagle. On the reverse, attention should be paid to the lion's musculature, mane, and claws, alongside the bull's horns and hooves, ensuring the violent interaction is well-defined. The Aramaic legend, usually positioned on the reverse, must be complete and legible. Overall strike centering and preservation of high-relief elements are paramount.