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| 背面描述 | Abstract floral or vegetal ornament filling the field, rendered in a cursive, intertwined style typical of late Golden Horde decorative die-work. The design comprises curvilinear stems and looping elements suggestive of a stylised arabesque or tamgha-derived motif. Several pellet-like bosses are visible within the composition, adding textural detail to the design. The flan is irregular with rough edges, and no encircling legend or border is discernible. |
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| 铸币厂 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 铸造量 | ND (1380-1410) |
| 附加信息 |
The Golden Horde's copper pul coinage of this period was essentially anonymous by design — civic or regional issues circulating locally without the dynastic apparatus of the silver dirham series. Tochtamysh reunified the fractured Horde after Mamai's defeat at Kulikovo in 1380, but the monetary infrastructure of the Lower Volga mints never fully stabilized under his rule, particularly after Timur's devastating campaigns sacked Sarai and Astrakhan in the 1390s.
Attribution to Tochtamysh's era rests largely on typological sequence rather than explicit mint authority, which is why the date range spans three decades.