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Pul 'Triangle and 3 dots' - temp. Tochtamysh Lower Volga area
| Uitgever | Golden Horde |
|---|---|
| Jaar | 1380-1410 |
| Type | Log in om details te zien |
| Waarde | Log in om details te zien |
| Valuta | Dinar (1227-1502) |
| Samenstelling | Log in om details te zien |
| Gewicht | Log in om details te zien |
| Diameter | Log in om details te zien |
| Dikte | Log in om details te zien |
| Vorm | Log in om details te zien |
| Techniek | Log in om details te zien |
| Oriëntatie | Log in om details te zien |
| Graveur(s) | Log in om details te zien |
| In omloop tot | Log in om details te zien |
| Referentie(s) | Log in om details te zien |
| Beschrijving voorzijde | Log in om details te zien |
|---|---|
| Schrift voorzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Opschrift voorzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Beschrijving keerzijde | Abstract floral or vegetal ornament filling the field, rendered in a cursive, intertwined style typical of late Golden Horde decorative die-work. The design comprises curvilinear stems and looping elements suggestive of a stylised arabesque or tamgha-derived motif. Several pellet-like bosses are visible within the composition, adding textural detail to the design. The flan is irregular with rough edges, and no encircling legend or border is discernible. |
| Schrift keerzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Opschrift keerzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Rand | Plain |
| Muntplaats | Log in om details te zien |
| Oplage | Log in om details te zien |
| Aanvullende informatie |
The Golden Horde's copper pul coinage of this period was essentially anonymous by design — civic or regional issues circulating locally without the dynastic apparatus of the silver dirham series. Tochtamysh reunified the fractured Horde after Mamai's defeat at Kulikovo in 1380, but the monetary infrastructure of the Lower Volga mints never fully stabilized under his rule, particularly after Timur's devastating campaigns sacked Sarai and Astrakhan in the 1390s.
Attribution to Tochtamysh's era rests largely on typological sequence rather than explicit mint authority, which is why the date range spans three decades.