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| 正面描述 | 登录 以查看详情 |
|---|---|
| 正面文字 | Arabic |
| 正面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面描述 | Central field bears an Arabic inscription set within an oval or lozenge-shaped cartouche, mirroring the compositional arrangement of the obverse, a format common to Golden Horde pul issues of the Qrim mint under Uzbeg Khan. The hammered flan displays an uneven, textured surface with slight curvature across the field. The legend strokes are boldly impressed at the centre, though the periphery of the flan shows characteristic clipping and irregularity. The overall die execution is consistent with provincial Crimean mint practice of the early 14th century. The field outside the cartouche is largely blank, with flan flow marks visible across the copper surface. |
| 背面文字 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 边缘 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 铸币厂 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 铸造量 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 附加信息 |
Muhammad Uzbeg Khan's reign marked the Islamization of the Golden Horde as state policy — a decisive break from the religious pluralism that had characterized the Mongol successor states. The Qrim (Crimea) mint was one of several operating simultaneously under Uzbeg, producing puls for local copper-currency needs in a monetary system where silver dirhams dominated long-distance trade and copper served street-level commerce. Lebedev's classification of three distinct types from this single mint and reign reflects genuine die variation rather than cataloguing convention.