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Pfennig Undetermined Friesach marks, Peilenstein
| Issuer | Duchy of Carinthia (Austrian States) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1200-1230 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | Log in to see details |
| Currency | Pfennig (800-1500) |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
| Shape | Log in to see details |
| Technique | Log in to see details |
| Orientation | Log in to see details |
| Engraver(s) | Log in to see details |
| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Reverse description | Architectural motif depicting a stylized church façade or gateway with a prominent central arch, flanked by towers surmounted by crosses or finials, rendered in high relief in the Romanesque tradition. A small figure or decorative element, possibly a lamb or bird, appears beneath the arch in the lower field. The design is contained within a beaded inner circle, with the surrounding legend +[FR]ISAC[H] referencing the mint city of Friesach. The irregular flan and variable strike are consistent with hammered bracteate-related Pfennig production of the early 13th century. |
| Reverse script | Log in to see details |
| Reverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Edge | Log in to see details |
| Mint | Friesach Mint |
| Mintage | Log in to see details |
| Additional information |
Friesacher Pfennige were among the most commercially dominant coins in Central Europe during the early thirteenth century, circulating well beyond Carinthia into the Balkans and Levantine trade routes. The Peilenstein issues complicate attribution precisely because multiple lords struck near-identical types under the Friesach monetary convention — regional magnates essentially licensing the design to facilitate trade acceptance, which makes die-linking the principal tool for distinguishing issuing authority.
CNA Cq22 sits in the contested zone where Carinthian ducal authority and ministerial striking rights overlapped, a jurisdictional ambiguity that was never fully resolved before the Friesach type itself fell from dominance after mid-century.