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Pfennig Undetermined Friesach marks, Peilenstein
| Issuer | Duchy of Carinthia (Austrian States) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1200-1230 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Facing bust of a duke in frontal view, holding two fleur-de-lis-tipped staffs, one in each hand, with a star positioned above. The effigy is rendered in the flat, stylized manner typical of early 13th-century Austrian hammered coinage. A partial Latin legend runs along the outer field, contained between two concentric circles. The fragmentary inscription reads [---]A[---]ES. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
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| Additional information |
The Friesach penny tradition — centered on the archiepiscopal mint at Friesach in Carinthia — became the dominant silver coinage across the central and eastern Alpine trades during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, circulating far into Hungary, Bohemia, and the Latin East. Peilenstein issues fall within a contested attribution cluster: the castle of Peilenstein was a seat of the Spanheim dukes, but the minting authority behind individual Friesach-type bracteates and hollow pennies from this locality remains unresolved among specialists, hence the "undetermined" designation in the CNA.