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Obole - Arnould II
| Issuer | Abbey of Saint-Bertin |
|---|---|
| Year | 965-987 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | Log in to see details |
| Currency | Log in to see details |
| Composition | Billon |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
| Shape | Log in to see details |
| Technique | Log in to see details |
| Orientation | Log in to see details |
| Engraver(s) | Log in to see details |
| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
| Reference(s) | Log in to see details |
| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | ✠ AVDOMARVAE |
| Reverse description | Log in to see details |
| Reverse script | Log in to see details |
| Reverse lettering | CRVX RALVD |
| Edge | Log in to see details |
| Mint | Log in to see details |
| Mintage | Log in to see details |
| Additional information |
Saint-Bertin, founded in the seventh century near Saint-Omer, was among the most powerful Benedictine houses in the southern Low Countries, and by the mid-tenth century its abbots exercised temporal authority substantial enough to support independent coin production. Arnould II's abbacy fell within the broader fragmentation of Carolingian monetary order, when ecclesiastical minting rights — whether formally granted or simply assumed — proliferated across northern France and Flanders.
The PA reference remains unassigned, which is not unusual for minor billon oboles of this house; surviving examples are sparse enough that die linkage studies are effectively impossible at current census levels.