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Muraiola of 4 Bolognini - Clement XI
| Issuer | Bologna (Papal States) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1709-1716 |
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| Currency | Scudo (1534-1835) |
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| Obverse description | Draped bust of Pope Clement XI facing right, wearing the papal camauro and mozetta with elaborate lace trim, rendered in high relief in a late Baroque style. The portrait is boldly struck with fine detail in the vestments. The circular Latin legend reads CLEMENS XI PONT M around the periphery, with the date 1715 incorporated into the legend at right. The mint mark CF appears in the lower field beneath the bust truncation. |
|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | CLEMENS·XI·PONT·M·1715· C·F |
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| Additional information |
Bologna's billon coinage under Clement XI falls squarely within the War of the Spanish Succession, which pulled the Papal States into an impossible diplomatic position — the Pope had recognized Philip V of Anjou, alienating the Austrian Habsburgs who effectively controlled northern Italy and would occupy Comacchio in 1708. Local Bolognese mint production during these years reflects the financial strain of a city caught between competing imperial pressures, with billon issues serving the chronic shortage of small change that plagued the region throughout the conflict.