Massa - Raja Raja Chola I

正面描述	登录以查看详情
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背面描述	Seated male figure depicted in profile, holding a conch shell in the right hand, rendered in the characteristic crude but expressive style of medieval South Indian copper coinage. A Nagari legend occupies the field surrounding or flanking the figure, identifying the issuing ruler. The composition reflects the devotional and dynastic iconography prevalent in Chola-period numismatics.
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边缘	Plain
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附加信息	Raja Raja Chola I ruled during the dynasty's most aggressive territorial expansion, annexing Sri Lanka, the Maldives, and launching naval campaigns into Southeast Asia that made the Cholas a genuine maritime power. His administration formalized temple taxation and land revenue systems, and coinage — including small copper issues like this massa — circulated within that tightly administered economy. The massa denomination served agricultural and market transactions at the village level, far removed from the court spectacle his reign is remembered for.

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