Massa - Raja Raja Chola I

Raja Raja Chola I ruled during the dynasty's most aggressive territorial expansion, annexing Sri Lanka, the Maldives, and launching naval campaigns into Southeast Asia that made the Cholas a genuine maritime power. His administration formalized temple taxation and land revenue systems, and coinage — including small copper issues like this massa — circulated within that tightly administered economy. The massa denomination served agricultural and market transactions at the village level, far removed from the court spectacle his reign is remembered for.