Follis Au Buste De Saint Pierre Bohemond II

Historical Context: This copper follis was issued by Bohemond II, Prince of Antioch, between 1126 and 1130. Bohemond II, son of the principality's founder, arrived in Antioch in 1126 to assume direct rule after a prolonged regency. His reign was characterized by continuous military engagements with neighboring Muslim powers, particularly the Danishmends, and a complex relationship with the Kingdom of Jerusalem. As the primary denomination for local commerce, this follis underscored the economic autonomy and Christian identity of the Principality of Antioch, a crucial Crusader state in the Levant, reflecting the daily realities of its inhabitants amidst constant warfare.

Artistry: The artistic execution of this follis draws heavily from established Byzantine numismatic traditions, a common influence on Crusader coinage due to regional historical ties. While no specific engraver is known, the coin's design typically features a simplified, frontal bust of Saint Peter on the obverse, often holding keys or a cross, symbolizing the patron saint of Antioch. The reverse usually displays a cross, sometimes with pellets or stars, surrounded by a Greek or Latin legend. The style, though somewhat crude compared to contemporary Byzantine imperial issues, possesses a distinct Crusader character, reflecting local workshop capabilities and the need for clear, recognizable iconography.

Technical/Grading: Struck on an 18mm flan weighing approximately 3.5 grams, this copper follis exhibits characteristics typical of Crusader period base metal coinage. High-points for wear and strike quality on the obverse are generally the forehead, nose, and the details of Saint Peter's keys or cross. On the reverse, the center of the cross is the most prominent feature. Technical strike quality can vary significantly; irregular flans, off-center strikes, and areas of weak impression are common. The copper alloy often shows evidence of porosity or surface corrosion due to burial conditions, and significant circulation wear is frequently observed given its role as an everyday currency.