Fals - Anonymous

The anonymous copper fals occupied an awkward position in the Umayyad monetary system — silver dirhams and gold dinars handled serious commerce, while the fals was left to local markets, toll payments, and the kind of petty transactions that never made it into administrative records. Abd al-Malik's sweeping monetary reform of 696–697 AH standardized the epigraphic coinage in gold and silver, but copper was effectively left to provincial mints operating with considerable autonomy. This produced enormous variety in flan quality, module, and die execution across Syria, Iraq, Egypt, and the eastern provinces.

Attribution without a mint name is genuinely difficult. Many anonymous pieces are assigned by fabric and epigraphy alone.