Denier In the name of Louis

发行方	County of Leuven and Brussels
年份	1000-1030
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制作工艺	Hammered
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正面描述	Central plain cross with four bezants (pellets) placed in the angles of the cross, forming a cross cantonnée design. The legend LVDOWICVS IMP runs around the periphery in Latin characters, invoking the Carolingian imperial name of Louis. The flan is irregular and the strike bold but somewhat uneven, characteristic of early medieval hammered coinage. The lettering is distributed within a beaded or rope-like inner border.
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铸币厂	Brussels
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附加信息	Issued under one of the Carolingian successor lords of Leuven during the early 11th century, this denier belongs to a class of coins struck "in the name of Louis" — a deliberate invocation of Carolingian royal authority by regional counts who lacked royal title but understood the legitimacy that name still carried. The practice was widespread across the fragmented successor territories of the West Frankish kingdom, where minting rights had devolved to local lords but prestige still flowed from association with the old dynasty. The County of Leuven would eventually consolidate into the Duchy of Brabant by the 12th century. This coin predates that transformation by several generations.

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