Danh mục
| Đơn vị phát hành | Holy Roman Empire |
|---|---|
| Năm | 1002-1024 |
| Loại | Standard circulation coin |
| Mệnh giá | 1 Denier (Pfennig) |
| Tiền tệ | Denier (843-1385) |
| Chất liệu | Silver |
| Trọng lượng | 1.16 g |
| Đường kính | 20 mm |
| Độ dày | 0.75 mm |
| Hình dạng | Irregular |
| Kỹ thuật | Hammered |
| Hướng | Variable alignment ↺ |
| Nghệ nhân khắc | |
| Lưu hành đến | |
| Tài liệu tham khảo | Steinh#27 |
| Mô tả mặt trước | Crowned, bearded bust from the right. Inscription placed vertically on both sides. pearl circle. |
|---|---|
| Chữ viết mặt trước | |
| Chữ khắc mặt trước | HEINRIC REX |
| Mô tả mặt sau | Cross, in whose angles rings / three points / triangle / three points |
| Chữ viết mặt sau | |
| Chữ khắc mặt sau | AVGSTA CIV |
| Cạnh | |
| Xưởng đúc | |
| Số lượng đúc |
ND (1002-1024) - - |
| ID Numisquare | 4436122380 |
| Thông tin bổ sung |
Historical Context: This Denier was issued during the reign of Henry II (1002-1024), the last Ottonian Emperor, later canonized. His era marked a critical period for the Holy Roman Empire, consolidating imperial power through close Church alliances and monastic reforms. These coins served as economic instruments and powerful symbols of imperial authority and divine right across his vast territories, reflecting early 11th-century Central Europe's political and religious landscape.
Artistry: The design of this Denier, typical of early medieval German coinage, reflects Ottonian stylistic conventions. While engravers remain anonymous, the aesthetic falls within a robust, symbolic school. The obverse often features a stylized imperial bust, crude but powerfully emblematic, or a central cross. The reverse commonly displays a cross, architectural motif, or inscription, executed with directness characteristic of the era, prioritizing legibility and symbolic message.
Technical/Grading: Struck on a thin, broad silver flan (1.16 grams, 20 mm), this Denier (Steinh#27) exhibits characteristics common to early medieval minting. High-points for wear or weak strike are typically the emperor's nose and crown on a bust type, or central knot and arm terminals on a cross design. Technical strike qualities often include irregular flans, minor off-centering, and varying pressure, leading to areas of flatness. Well-preserved examples show clear legends and discernible primary motifs.