Catalog
| Issuer | Holy Roman Empire |
|---|---|
| Year | 1002-1024 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
| Value | 1 Denier (Pfennig) |
| Currency | Denier (843-1385) |
| Composition | Silver |
| Weight | 1.16 g |
| Diameter | 20 mm |
| Thickness | 0.75 mm |
| Shape | Irregular |
| Technique | Hammered |
| Orientation | Variable alignment ↺ |
| Engraver(s) | |
| In circulation to | |
| Reference(s) | Steinh#27 |
| Obverse description | Crowned, bearded bust from the right. Inscription placed vertically on both sides. pearl circle. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | |
| Obverse lettering | HEINRIC REX |
| Reverse description | Cross, in whose angles rings / three points / triangle / three points |
| Reverse script | |
| Reverse lettering | AVGSTA CIV |
| Edge | |
| Mint | |
| Mintage |
ND (1002-1024) - - |
| Numisquare ID | 4436122380 |
| Additional information |
Historical Context: This Denier was issued during the reign of Henry II (1002-1024), the last Ottonian Emperor, later canonized. His era marked a critical period for the Holy Roman Empire, consolidating imperial power through close Church alliances and monastic reforms. These coins served as economic instruments and powerful symbols of imperial authority and divine right across his vast territories, reflecting early 11th-century Central Europe's political and religious landscape.
Artistry: The design of this Denier, typical of early medieval German coinage, reflects Ottonian stylistic conventions. While engravers remain anonymous, the aesthetic falls within a robust, symbolic school. The obverse often features a stylized imperial bust, crude but powerfully emblematic, or a central cross. The reverse commonly displays a cross, architectural motif, or inscription, executed with directness characteristic of the era, prioritizing legibility and symbolic message.
Technical/Grading: Struck on a thin, broad silver flan (1.16 grams, 20 mm), this Denier (Steinh#27) exhibits characteristics common to early medieval minting. High-points for wear or weak strike are typically the emperor's nose and crown on a bust type, or central knot and arm terminals on a cross design. Technical strike qualities often include irregular flans, minor off-centering, and varying pressure, leading to areas of flatness. Well-preserved examples show clear legends and discernible primary motifs.