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Denier - Béla III
| Issuer | Hungary |
|---|---|
| Year | 1172-1196 |
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| Composition | Silver |
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| Obverse description | A double cross rising from a double arc, with a central wedge at the junction of the arc; two crescents, each flanked by a dot, appear above the cross arms, while two horizontal lines and two dots occupy the lower field. The design is rendered in low relief in a plain field without legend, consistent with the anonymous hammered coinage of the Árpád dynasty. |
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| Mintage | ND (1172-1196) - - ND (1172-1196) - obv.: no central wedge in double arc - ND (1172-1196) - rev.: even smaller cross, arcs don`t touch cross, don`t form a circle - |
| Additional information |
Béla III came to power having spent years at the Byzantine court in Constantinople, where he was groomed as a potential heir to Manuel I Komnenos before dynastic circumstances redirected him back to Hungary. His reign saw the first Hungarian royal chancery producing written records in any volume — documents that incidentally allow historians to date coin types to his rule with more confidence than for most of his predecessors.
The Byzantine connection is not merely biographical trivia. Béla's exposure to a monetized imperial economy appears to have influenced Hungarian fiscal administration, though the coins themselves remained products of a fragmented, low-weight tradition far removed from Constantinople's output.