Denier - Béla III

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正面文字	Latin
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背面描述	Plain cross pattée at center, with small pellets or wedge-shaped ornaments positioned in each of the four angles between the arms of the cross. The design is enclosed within a raised inner circle, beyond which the flan surface is largely plain and unadorned. The reverse exhibits the characteristically thin, broad fabric of 12th-century Hungarian hammered silver deniers. The cross arms are bold and well-defined, with a simple, austere composition contrasting markedly with the elaborate obverse decoration.
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附加信息	Béla III's reign marked a decisive reorientation of Hungary toward Byzantine administrative and cultural models — he had spent years at the Constantinople court as a designated heir to Manuel I Komnenos before dynastic circumstances returned him to Buda. The revenue machinery he built, partly modeled on Byzantine fiscal practice, funded one of medieval Hungary's most sophisticated royal chanceries. His annual income, recorded in a contemporary court document, reportedly rivaled that of the French crown. The multiple CAC references reflect genuine die variety distinctions within this type rather than cataloging redundancy.

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