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Chalkous - temp. Artaxerxes III / Darius III
| Uitgever | Achaemenid Satrapy of Ionia |
|---|---|
| Jaar | 350 BC - 334 BC |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
| Waarde | Log in om details te zien |
| Valuta | Log in om details te zien |
| Samenstelling | Log in om details te zien |
| Gewicht | Log in om details te zien |
| Diameter | Log in om details te zien |
| Dikte | Log in om details te zien |
| Vorm | Log in om details te zien |
| Techniek | Log in om details te zien |
| Oriëntatie | Log in om details te zien |
| Graveur(s) | Log in om details te zien |
| In omloop tot | Log in om details te zien |
| Referentie(s) | Log in om details te zien |
| Beschrijving voorzijde | Log in om details te zien |
|---|---|
| Schrift voorzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Opschrift voorzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Beschrijving keerzijde | A rough, irregular incuse depression occupying the majority of the flan, its surface exhibiting a distinctly granulated, uneven texture formed by multiple irregular lumps, consistent with the primitive punch technique employed for small fractional bronzes of the Achaemenid satrapal series. |
| Schrift keerzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Opschrift keerzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Rand | Plain |
| Muntplaats | Log in om details te zien |
| Oplage | Log in om details te zien |
| Aanvullende informatie |
These small copper pieces were struck in the final decades of Achaemenid control over the Ionian coastal cities, a period defined less by administrative stability than by the slow-motion collapse of Persian authority in western Anatolia. Artaxerxes III had spent the 340s brutally reasserting control over rebellious satraps and reconquering Egypt, leaving the western satrapies to manage local coinage with considerable autonomy. By the time Darius III came to the throne in 336 BC, Alexander's crossing was less than two years away.
The attribution spanning both reigns reflects genuine uncertainty in the die sequence rather than careless cataloging.