Ceitil - Manuel I Group 4 - Without castle - Arabic lettering

The ceitil took its name from Ceuta, the North African enclave Portugal seized in 1415 — the coin was specifically valued at the cost of a small fish in Lisbon's markets, making it the most granular unit of daily commerce the Portuguese Crown issued. Manuel I's reign saw unprecedented quantities struck to service the expanding Atlantic and Indian Ocean trade networks, where small copper denominations were essential for provisioning fleets and paying local labor.

This Group 4 variant, distinguished by Arabic lettering rather than the castle device, almost certainly reflects production intended for or influenced by circulation in North African Portuguese territories, where Arabic script carried practical transactional familiarity.