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Aspron Trachy Hendy Type D

Issuer Latin Empire of Constantinople
Year 1204-1219
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Technique Hammered
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Obverse lettering IC XC
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Reverse lettering MANOVHA Δ ECΠOTHC
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Additional information

The Latin Empire's coinage was not a deliberate monetary program — it was improvisation. After the Fourth Crusade sacked Constantinople in 1204, the Frankish and Venetian occupiers inherited a Byzantine monetary system they barely understood and kept striking debased trachea largely because the infrastructure was already there. Hendy's Type D represents one of the earliest attempts to maintain Byzantine monetary forms under entirely alien administration.

The billon content was already in steep decline before the Latins arrived, a debasement trend the new rulers did nothing to reverse.