Æ In the name of Constantine I

Barbarous imitations struck in Constantine's name circulated across the Rhine and Danube frontiers well after his death in 337, produced by Germanic groups who valued the coins as objects of exchange and prestige without any interest in administrative accuracy. Dies were cut by hand from memory or from worn prototypes, which is why these pieces exist on a spectrum from near-competent to wildly degraded. The issuing authority, if that term even applies, remains unresolved — Alamanni, Franks, and Goths have all been proposed depending on findspot distribution.

No reference number has been assigned, reflecting how poorly systematized this material remains in the literature.