5 Soldi - Ferdinando di Borbone

Ferdinando di Borbone ruled Parma as a Spanish Bourbon client state under heavy influence from his mother, Luisa Elisabetta of France, and later under the suffocating oversight of his wife, Maria Amalia of Austria — a direct daughter of Maria Theresa. The duchy's monetary output during this period was modest almost to the point of irrelevance, its tiny billon issues serving a local economy that Habsburg and French interests treated as peripheral at best. The two-year window for this type reflects either a policy adjustment or a minting interruption consistent with Parma's chronically underfunded treasury.