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| 正面描述 | Central crowned quartered shield of Castile and León, displaying alternating castles and lions in the quarters, with Granada in base and the arms of Aragon occupying the dexter half of the shield. The mint mark 'To' (Toledo) appears to the left of the shield and the assayer mark 'M' below it, with the denomination mark 'IIII' visible to the right. A royal crown surmounts the shield. The surrounding circular legend in Latin is partially visible around the irregular flan, reading PHILIPPVS II DEI GRATIA. |
|---|---|
| 正面文字 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 正面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面描述 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面文字 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 边缘 | Plain (irregular, hammered) |
| 铸币厂 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 铸造量 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 附加信息 |
Felipe II inherited the Spanish throne in 1556 alongside the most productive silver supply in history — Potosí alone was yielding quantities that would destabilize European price levels for a century. Toledo's mint, one of the oldest royal facilities in Castile, struck these macuquina (cob) coins by hand, shearing irregular slugs from cast silver bars before hammering them between dies. The process guaranteed no two pieces share an identical shape.
Cal#408 spans a 42-year reign, meaning die varieties within this type are numerous and attribution to specific emission periods requires cross-referencing assayer marks.