32 Rati - Firuz Shah Tughluq

Firuz Shah Tughluq's later coinage reflects a reign defined more by administrative consolidation than conquest — he reportedly freed hundreds of thousands of enslaved laborers from state projects, yet simultaneously expanded the Delhi Sultanate's canal infrastructure using corvée labor on a scale unprecedented in the subcontinent. The billon issues of his final decades circulated across a fiscal system strained by his welfare spending, including rest houses, hospitals, and stipends that his treasury struggled to sustain without debasement.

The rati-weight standard anchors this piece to indigenous Indian metrology rather than imported Islamic norms — a pragmatic concession to local market conventions that persisted throughout the Sultanate period.