Æ19 - Augustus M PAC MAX II VIR FL AVG DES

Halaesa, a small Sicilian city on the northern coast, was granted a measure of autonomy under Rome and maintained its own civic coinage well into the Augustan period. The duoviri named on this issue — magistrates elected to oversee local administration — reflect the Roman colonial governing structure imposed across Sicily after Octavian's reorganization of the island following the defeat of Sextus Pompey in 36 BC. The designation of Augustus as *pater patriae* helps narrow the window: that title was formally awarded in 2 BC.

Halaesa's civic bronzes are poorly documented compared to the larger Sicilian mints at Syracuse or Panormus, and die studies remain incomplete.