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Æ19 - Augustus M PAC MAX II VIR FL AVG DES
| Issuer | Halaesa |
|---|---|
| Year | 27 BC - 14 AD |
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| Shape | Round (irregular) |
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| Obverse description | Heavily worn and corroded obverse displaying broad, flat fields with virtually all relief detail obliterated by wear and encrustation. The surface presents a dark brown patina with patches of green corrosion typical of ancient bronzes recovered from the ground. The abbreviated Latin legend HAL ARCH, referencing Halaesa Archonidaea, was originally disposed around the central device, though the legend and any central type — most likely a laureate or bare head of Augustus — are no longer legible on this specimen. The flan is irregular in shape with pronounced edge notches, consistent with hammered municipal coinage of Sicily under the Augustan period. |
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| Edge | Plain |
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| Additional information |
Halaesa, a small Sicilian city on the northern coast, was granted a measure of autonomy under Rome and maintained its own civic coinage well into the Augustan period. The duoviri named on this issue — magistrates elected to oversee local administration — reflect the Roman colonial governing structure imposed across Sicily after Octavian's reorganization of the island following the defeat of Sextus Pompey in 36 BC. The designation of Augustus as *pater patriae* helps narrow the window: that title was formally awarded in 2 BC.
Halaesa's civic bronzes are poorly documented compared to the larger Sicilian mints at Syracuse or Panormus, and die studies remain incomplete.