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12 Pfennig
| Uitgever | Westphalia, Duchy of |
|---|---|
| Jaar | 1619-1620 |
| Type | Log in om details te zien |
| Waarde | Log in om details te zien |
| Valuta | Log in om details te zien |
| Samenstelling | Copper |
| Gewicht | Log in om details te zien |
| Diameter | Log in om details te zien |
| Dikte | Log in om details te zien |
| Vorm | Log in om details te zien |
| Techniek | Log in om details te zien |
| Oriëntatie | Log in om details te zien |
| Graveur(s) | Log in om details te zien |
| In omloop tot | Log in om details te zien |
| Referentie(s) | Log in om details te zien |
| Beschrijving voorzijde | Log in om details te zien |
|---|---|
| Schrift voorzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Opschrift voorzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Beschrijving keerzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Schrift keerzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Opschrift keerzijde | XII |
| Rand | Plain |
| Muntplaats | Log in om details te zien |
| Oplage | Log in om details te zien |
| Aanvullende informatie |
The years 1619–1620 fall squarely within the opening phase of the Thirty Years' War, and the copper small-denomination issues of Westphalia from this period belong to the broader Kipper und Wipperzeit phenomenon — a currency crisis in which dozens of German territories debased their coinage aggressively, extracting short-term revenue while flooding neighboring regions with underweight or overvalued pieces. Copper issues like this one were part of that deliberate debasement strategy.
The Duchy of Westphalia was under the administration of the Archbishops of Cologne throughout this period, making its mint output an ecclesiastical-political instrument as much as a financial one.