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12 Pfennig
| Issuer | Westphalia, Duchy of |
|---|---|
| Year | 1619-1620 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | Log in to see details |
| Currency | Log in to see details |
| Composition | Copper |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
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| Technique | Log in to see details |
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| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Reverse description | Log in to see details |
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| Reverse lettering | XII |
| Edge | Plain |
| Mint | Log in to see details |
| Mintage | Log in to see details |
| Additional information |
The years 1619–1620 fall squarely within the opening phase of the Thirty Years' War, and the copper small-denomination issues of Westphalia from this period belong to the broader Kipper und Wipperzeit phenomenon — a currency crisis in which dozens of German territories debased their coinage aggressively, extracting short-term revenue while flooding neighboring regions with underweight or overvalued pieces. Copper issues like this one were part of that deliberate debasement strategy.
The Duchy of Westphalia was under the administration of the Archbishops of Cologne throughout this period, making its mint output an ecclesiastical-political instrument as much as a financial one.