1 Quattrino - Gregory XIII S PETRVS FANVM

Historical Context: This 1 Quattrino coin was issued under Pope Gregory XIII (Ugo Boncompagni), whose pontificate from 1572 to 1585 marked a pivotal period in the Counter-Reformation. While renowned for the Gregorian calendar reform, his era also saw significant efforts to consolidate papal temporal power across the Papal States. The minting of this billon coin in Fano, a strategically important Adriatic city, underscores the administrative reach of the Holy See, with the "S PETRVS FANVM" legend likely affirming the city's direct allegiance to Saint Peter and the papacy.

Artistry: Given its low denomination and billon composition, the artistic execution of this Quattrino would have been modest, reflecting the prevalent Late Renaissance style of papal mints. While the specific engraver remains anonymous, the design typically featured the reigning pontiff's coat of arms on the obverse, often surmounted by the papal tiara and keys. The reverse would likely bear a religious motif or inscription pertinent to Fano or Saint Peter, executed with a directness characteristic of utilitarian coinage of the period, emphasizing legibility over intricate detail.

Technical/Grading: Struck on a small (17 mm) and light (0.57 gg) billon flan, this Quattrino frequently exhibits typical challenges for its type. High points, such as the details of the papal tiara, the shield elements on the coat of arms, or any saintly effigy, are often weakly struck or quickly worn due to the soft alloy and production methods. Collectors should anticipate planchet irregularities, minor off-center strikes, and variable detail clarity. Well-preserved examples with strong strikes and minimal wear across the central devices are scarce and highly prized.