1 Quadrans Dots below, with caduceus

The attribution "uncertain city of Central Italy" reflects a genuine scholarly impasse — aes grave production in this period involved multiple communities issuing broadly similar heavy-cast bronzes, and without firm archaeological provenances, die-study alone rarely settles the question of origin. The dots-below variety distinguishes this specific emission within a series where control marks were the primary tool for separating issues, though which authority each mark corresponds to remains contested among specialists working from Haeberlin's foundational corpus.