1 Penning - Harald Hardråde

Harald Sigurdsson — Harald Hardråde — came to the Norwegian throne in 1047 after two decades as a mercenary commander in the Varangian Guard at Constantinople, accumulating enough Byzantine silver and battlefield experience to reshape Norwegian kingship entirely. His coinage reflects that influence imperfectly: the billon content places these issues firmly in a transitional moment when Scandinavian minting had not yet stabilized the alloy standards it borrowed from Anglo-Saxon and Byzantine models. Skaare's classification acknowledges significant die variation across the type.

He died at Stamford Bridge in September 1066, three weeks before Hastings changed everything else.