Catalog
| Issuer | Congo Free State (1885-1908) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1896 |
| Type | Coin pattern |
| Value | 1 Franc |
| Currency | Franc (1887-1960) |
| Composition | Gold (.900) |
| Weight | 7.3 g |
| Diameter | 23 mm |
| Thickness | |
| Shape | Round |
| Technique | Milled |
| Orientation | Coin alignment ↑↓ |
| Engraver(s) | Émile Fernand-Dubois |
| In circulation to | |
| Reference(s) | Delmonte G#1320 |
| Obverse description | Draped bust left |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
| Obverse lettering | LEOP II R D BELG SOUV DE L`ETAT INDEP DU CONGO FERNAN DUBOIS |
| Reverse description | Crowned coat-of-arms within wreath |
| Reverse script | Latin |
| Reverse lettering | 1 FRANC 1896 |
| Edge | Reeded |
| Mint | |
| Mintage |
1896 - Matte Proof - |
| Numisquare ID | 5743318510 |
| Additional information |
Historical Context: The 1896 1 Franc Léopold II gold pattern coin emerges from the controversial Congo Free State era, a territory personally owned and governed by King Léopold II of Belgium (1885-1908). This period was marked by brutal exploitation and human rights abuses. Issuing a gold pattern, especially of this fineness, suggests Léopold II's ambition to establish a prestigious monetary system, projecting economic stability for his private domain, despite lacking widespread gold circulation.
Artistry: While the specific engraver is undocumented, the obverse design adheres to prevailing European academic realism of the late 19th century. It features a dignified, mature portrait of Léopold II, facing right, in the style of a leading Belgian medallist. The reverse typically presents "1 FRANC" and the date "1896" encircled by "ETAT INDEPENDANT DU CONGO," often with a national emblem, rendered with classical precision and balance.
Technical/Grading: Struck in .900 fine gold, weighing 7.3 grams and measuring 23 millimeters, this pattern exemplifies exceptional minting quality. High-points susceptible to wear on the obverse include Léopold II's hair, beard, and highest cheekbone relief. On the reverse, central design elements and raised lettering are scrutinized. As a pattern, specimens typically exhibit a superior strike, often with proof-like fields and sharp, well-defined details, reflecting meticulous craftsmanship for trial or presentation.