1 Follis - Jamal al-Din Mahmud Countermarked

The Inalid dynasty controlled Amid (modern Diyarbakır in southeastern Turkey) as vassals of the Artuqids and later the Zengids, occupying an awkward political position between competing Turkic and Kurdish powers throughout the twelfth century. Countermarking existing folles rather than striking fresh coinage was a practical assertion of local authority — it cost less and moved faster than organizing a full mint operation, particularly for a minor ruler whose tenure was defined more by diplomacy than military dominance.

Jamal al-Din Mahmud ruled Amid for over four decades, an unusually long reign for a vassal lord of this period. The countermark on this piece dates its reclassification to somewhere within that window, but pinning it tighter than that is not currently possible.