1 Fen Pattern, 1st series, type 1, with Giorgi

Pattern coinage from the early Republic is rarely straightforward, and this piece is no exception. The inclusion of "Giorgi" — almost certainly a reference to the Italian medalist Luigi Giorgi, who worked with the Chinese government on coin design and die production during the 1910s — places this squarely within the turbulent early years of Yuan Shikai's presidency, when the Republic was actively contracting foreign expertise to modernize its mint output. Giorgi's involvement typically indicates a piece produced for official evaluation rather than circulation trials.

1916 was Yuan Shikai's final year; he died in June having abandoned the republic entirely for a failed imperial restoration. Whether this pattern advanced beyond evaluation is unrecorded.