1 Falus - Mahmud Shah I

Mahmud Shah I ruled Gujarat from 1458 to 1511 — one of the longest reigns in the sultanate's history — and his copper falus issues from the early 1460s were struck during a period of aggressive territorial expansion, including campaigns against Malwa and the absorption of significant trading revenues from Cambay, then among the busiest ports on the subcontinent. Copper coinage of this sultanate is frequently undercollected relative to its historical weight, partly because provincial Indian copper has never attracted the systematic cataloging attention given to Mughal or Sultanate silver.