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1 Falus - Mahmud Shah Balkh mint
| Issuer | Afghanistan |
|---|---|
| Year | 1813-1823 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
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| Currency | Local Rupees (1747-1891) |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Arabic script inscription in the field, rendered in bold raised lettering characteristic of Afghan hammered copper coinage of the early 19th century. The legend, occupying the majority of the flan, references the ruler Mahmud Shah and is surrounded by a dotted border. The irregular polygonal flan exhibits the typical uneven edges of hand-struck provincial coinage. The script is arranged in multiple registers across the field with additional marginal text. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
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| Mintage | 1228 (1813) - ١٢٢٨ - 1233 (1818) - ١٢٣٣ - 1234 (1819) - ١٢٢۴ - 1238 (1823) - ١٢٣٨ - |
| Additional information |
Mahmud Shah's second reign (1809–1818) was bookended by chaos — he had already been deposed once by his brother Shah Shuja, and the Durrani empire was fragmenting under pressure from Sikh expansion in the east and internal Barakzai rebellions that would eventually end his rule permanently. Balkh, ancient and strategically critical near the Oxus, remained one of the few northern mints still functioning under nominal Sadozai authority during this period.
KM#32 copper issues from Balkh are notoriously inconsistent in flan preparation, a product of provincial minting conditions rather than any central standard.