1 Fals Uncertain Sogdian mint, possibly Eastern Sogdiana

Sogdian coinage of the late 8th century occupies one of the most chaotic transition periods in Central Asian monetary history — the decades when Arab-Muslim expansion was dismantling the network of small autonomous principalities that had made Sogdia one of the ancient world's most commercially sophisticated regions. By 750, Transoxiana was effectively under Abbasid control, yet local bronze coinage continued from a patchwork of semi-autonomous mints whose attributions remain unresolved. "Eastern Sogdiana" as a mint designation reflects honest scholarly uncertainty more than geographical precision.

The fals denomination itself was an Islamic adaptation, adopted from the Byzantine follis as Arab administration spread eastward across former Sasanian and Sogdian territories.