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1 Fals - Ahmad b. Muhammad Bukhara
| Issuer | United Qarakhanid Khaganate |
|---|---|
| Year | 1020 |
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| Value | Log in to see details |
| Currency | Dinar (840-1212) |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Diameter | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Central field bears a multi-line Kufic Arabic religious inscription arranged within a plain inner circle, reading the Shahada (declaration of faith). The inscription is framed by a single-line marginal legend in Arabic Kufic script running along the inner border, enclosed by a beaded or dotted outer rim. The flan is irregular and slightly uneven in relief, characteristic of hammered copper coinage of the Qarakhanid period. |
|---|---|
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| Edge | Plain. |
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| Additional information |
The United Qarakhanid Khaganate in the early eleventh century operated a decentralized minting system across Transoxiana, with Bukhara functioning as one of the principal copper-issuing centers for local market circulation. Ahmad b. Muhammad's fals coinage belongs to a period when the Qarakhanid rulers were consolidating authority over formerly Samanid territories — Bukhara itself had fallen to the Qarakhanids around 999. Copper fulus of this type rarely traveled far; they served hyperlocal exchange and consequently survive with heavy wear when found at all.